Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a specialized procedure used to detect chromosomal abnormalities and genetic conditions in embryos before they are transferred to the uterus during In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).
This testing screens embryos for a wide range of genetic disorders that may lead to implantation failure, miscarriage, or congenital conditions in the baby. It is particularly helpful in identifying common inherited and chromosomal conditions such as Down syndrome and sickle cell anaemia, among others.
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) focuses on detecting specific inherited genetic disorders in embryos prior to implantation. Targeted genetic testing methods are used to identify known abnormalities that may be present due to family history or genetic risk factors.
These tests enable clinicians to select genetically healthy embryos for transfer, improving the chances of successful implantation and a healthy pregnancy. Embryos with genetic abnormalities are more likely to result in failed implantation or spontaneous miscarriage.
By enabling better embryo selection, PGT significantly improves IVF success rates, reduces the likelihood of repeated failed cycles, and helps minimize the emotional, physical, and psychological stress associated with unsuccessful fertility treatments.
Aneuploidy is a genetic condition in which the total number of chromosomes differs from the normal count of 46 chromosomes. This abnormality can interfere with normal embryo development and is a common cause of implantation failure, miscarriage, and failed fertility treatments.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) is a specialized screening technique used to examine all 23 pairs of human chromosomes in an embryo at the blastocyst stage (day 5 or 6 after fertilization). This test helps identify chromosomally normal embryos before implantation.
PGT-A is particularly valuable for individuals experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss, repeated failed fertility treatments, or unexplained infertility. By selecting embryos with the correct chromosomal number, it significantly improves the chances of successful implantation and healthy pregnancy outcomes.
The procedure involves performing a biopsy of a few cells from the blastocyst, which are then processed and analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities using advanced genetic testing techniques. This process allows accurate identification of viable embryos with normal chromosomal composition.
PGT-A is a valuable genetic screening tool, but it is not mandatory for everyone undergoing IVF. Its use depends on individual medical history, fertility challenges, and clinical indications.
This test is commonly recommended for:
Individuals undergoing IVF after multiple unsuccessful fertility treatments
Those with a history of recurrent or spontaneous miscarriages
Individuals with a family history of genetic disorders
Women aged 35 years or older pursuing IVF
Couples who have experienced previous pregnancies affected by chromosomal abnormalities
Because every fertility journey is unique, it is essential to have a detailed discussion with a fertility specialist. Reviewing your personal and family medical history will help determine whether preimplantation genetic testing is appropriate and beneficial in your specific case.
Although genetic testing is not mandatory, it is often strongly recommended due to its significant clinical benefits. These tests are particularly valuable for:
Improving IVF success rates by selecting chromosomally healthy embryos
Reducing the risk of spontaneous miscarriages
Preventing the transfer of embryos with chromosomal abnormalities
Identifying the risk of inherited genetic disorders in the developing baby
Supporting single-embryo transfer by helping choose the most viable embryo, thereby reducing the need for multiple embryo transfers and lowering the risk of multiple pregnancies
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is performed on early-stage embryos before they are transferred into the uterus during IVF. This procedure is commonly recommended for couples with a history of recurrent miscarriages, genetic disorders, or inherited medical conditions. It helps reduce the risk of passing on undesirable genetic traits and chromosomal abnormalities, improving the chances of a healthy pregnancy.
Before recommending genetic testing, fertility specialists carefully evaluate the couple’s genetic background, medical history, and fertility profile. This personalized assessment helps determine the most appropriate testing strategy and increases the likelihood of achieving a healthy pregnancy and childbirth.
PGS involves screening embryos for chromosomal abnormalities. It confirms that embryos have the correct 23 pairs of chromosomes, with no extra or missing chromosomes that could lead to implantation failure, miscarriage, or genetic disorders.
PGD focuses on detecting specific inherited genetic disorders or single-gene mutations already known to be present in one or both parents. This allows for the selection of embryos that are free from the identified genetic condition before implantation.
During fertility consultations, specialists assess the medical need for genetic testing based on your fertility history and genetic risk profile. DNA evaluations are used to determine whether one or both partners carry genes associated with inherited disorders, helping establish a precise clinical diagnosis.
A trained genetic counsellor explains the nature of the identified condition, inheritance patterns, and the likelihood of transmission during pregnancy. This session also covers the scope, limitations, potential outcomes, and ethical considerations of PGT, enabling informed decision-making.
Once consent is provided, the genetic laboratory evaluates whether PGT is suitable for the specific condition. Both partners provide blood samples for laboratory preparation and test planning. After completion of the feasibility assessment and preparatory workup, the IVF cycle can be initiated.
While preimplantation genetic testing offers significant benefits, it is important to understand its limitations and potential risks:
Since PGT procedures are performed as part of IVF, there are inherent risks associated with fertility treatment, including ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), multiple pregnancies, and a slightly increased risk of congenital anomalies.
There is a potential risk of pelvic infection, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy related to assisted reproductive procedures.
The process involves embryo biopsy and cryopreservation (freezing), which may affect embryo viability in some cases.
Babies conceived through IVF have a higher likelihood of being born prematurely and with low birth weight compared to naturally conceived infants.
Genetic testing may sometimes reveal no chromosomally healthy embryos suitable for transfer.
PGT does not detect all genetic disorders or abnormalities, so it cannot guarantee the birth of a completely healthy child.
Despite these limitations, many specialists consider genetic screening a valuable tool in assisted reproduction, as it can improve implantation rates, reduce miscarriage risk, and enhance the overall chances of treatment success when used appropriately and selectively.
PGT-A (Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy) is a genetic screening procedure used to examine embryos for chromosomal abnormalities. The purpose of this test is to identify embryos with the correct number of chromosomes so that only genetically healthy embryos are selected for transfer into the uterus.
This process helps improve implantation success, reduces the risk of miscarriage, and increases the likelihood of a healthy pregnancy outcome.
Preimplantation genetic testing can be costly, as it involves specialized procedures such as embryo biopsy and advanced genetic analysis. Since this is a relatively new and highly specialized technology, PGT is often not fully covered by insurance, making it a significant financial consideration for many patients.
In some cases, when genetic testing is medically indicated and prescribed by a fertility specialist, certain insurance policies may cover part of the associated costs. However, coverage varies widely depending on the provider and policy terms.
The overall cost of PGT-A typically includes both fixed and variable components. Fixed costs relate to laboratory setup and processing, while variable costs depend on the number of blastocysts (embryos) produced and tested.
Genetic laboratories usually charge on a per-embryo basis, meaning the total expense increases with the number of embryos requiring analysis. For this reason, patients are advised to discuss pricing details and financial planning with their fertility specialist after a full clinical assessment.
The cost of PGT-A testing can vary widely from one patient to another due to multiple clinical and technical factors. Expenses are influenced by the number of IVF cycles required, including ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, fertilisation, embryo biopsy, genetic testing, and embryo transfer procedures.
Additional factors that affect overall cost include:
In many cases, test design also requires DNA samples from parents or close relatives, which can further increase costs. The final price may also vary based on the patient’s age, embryo yield, and the overall complexity of the testing process.
Because of these variables, it is essential to have a detailed consultation and financial discussion with your fertility specialist to understand the expected costs based on your individual clinical profile.
We provide a comprehensive range of fertility treatments supported by a strong clinical network, experienced specialists, and a deeply patient-centric approach. Here’s what sets our fertility care services apart:
Thousands of couples have successfully achieved parenthood through advanced fertility treatments. Each successful pregnancy reflects clinical expertise, advanced technology, and compassionate patient care.
A large team of highly qualified fertility doctors works closely with each patient, offering expert guidance and individualised treatment planning. Their experience and compassionate care help couples navigate their fertility journey with confidence.
Strong clinical outcomes are achieved through continuous innovation, advanced laboratory techniques, and personalised treatment strategies designed to improve pregnancy success.
A full spectrum of fertility treatments is available, including IVF, ICSI, IUI, cryopreservation, donor programs, and advanced reproductive technologies. From diagnosis to post-treatment care, every stage is carefully coordinated for a seamless experience.
Every fertility journey is unique. Treatment plans are tailored based on individual medical history, diagnosis, and specific reproductive needs, ensuring personalised care and optimal outcomes for every patient.
Frequently Asked Questions about Micro-TESE are as follows :
Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is a specialised procedure used to detect genetic and chromosomal abnormalities in embryos created through in vitro fertilisation (IVF). The testing is performed before embryo transfer to the uterus.
The primary goal of PGT is to reduce the risk of implanting embryos with genetic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities, thereby improving pregnancy outcomes and increasing the chances of a healthy pregnancy and baby.
After the biopsy, the embryos are cryopreserved (frozen) and safely stored in the laboratory while genetic testing is performed on the DNA extracted from the sampled cells.
Once the analysis is complete, the PGT results are shared promptly, typically within 1–2 weeks after the biopsy, allowing the care team to plan the next steps for embryo transfer.
es. PGTs are classified into three types:
Yes. The embryo has a very slim possibility of being affected during the biopsy procedure, which extracts cells from each embryo for PGT. Additionally, since the embryo must be frozen during PGT, it must go through a thawing process before being transferred.
For PGT, additional DNA samples could be needed in addition to the biopsy cells from the embryo(s). Before the egg extraction, DNA samples from the patient, their spouse, or donor may be needed for some PGT-A and PGT-SR testing.
